Caleb Henry
Outdated and Insufficient
One of the biggest problems facing solutions to homelessness is that we don’t actually know how many are affected. Accurately counting the number of homeless individuals in a region has been an unsolved problem for years. The best option we currently have is statistical inference after conducting surveys. However, no survey can be 100 percent accurate, and statistics can only give us an educated guess without more concrete information to go off of. How many people without shelter are actually out there?
One
method of counting, called Point In Time, is used by the Department
of Housing and Urban Development. The method sends surveyors out on a
single night in January each year to make an estimate of how many
people are experiencing homelessness in the entire country for the
whole year. This method leaves much to be desired because a small
sample collected in a single night cannot accurately represent the
extent of the problem. But to make matters worse, the count was
understandably disrupted during COVID, which lead to relaxed data
standards and allowing communities to opt out of the count
altogether.
Doing the Best With What We Have
Despite all its flaws, counts like this are often the best source of information we have available. We never seem to have a full picture, and this undoubtedly leads to improper or inefficient distribution of resources. How many people are living in cars? How many are living in abandoned buildings or natural areas that surveyors cannot reach? What are the demographics of these uncounted individuals? We simply don’t know.
Experts warn that the Point In Time method discussed above underestimates the true scale of homelessness by up to a factor of 10. This means there could be up to 10 times as many people suffering from homelessness than the “best” data would predict. Yet this data is what’s being cited in legislation on the homeless issue and the funding of homeless aid programs. So what are the alternatives?
One obvious solution is to increase the rate of surveys, but this will exponentially increase the cost of such data collection and will only provide more snapshots instead of revealing the bigger picture.
Results of a recent PIT count
New Ways Forward
A better alternative is to use real time data and by-name lists to accurately and completely track as many homeless individuals as possible. A movement called Built For Zero has reversed the growth of the homeless population in 15 communities using this method, and there are 150 more actively working toward the same goal.
Another solution is to target one demographic at a time. For example, by focusing on veterans, we can more easily keep track of and give aid to specific individuals. In 2014 New Orleans became the first city to completely eradicate veteran homelessness by using this method. 10 years later, they have maintained their momentous achievement and still ensure that veterans who find themselves on the street are placed in permanent housing within 30 days on average. You can read about it here.
If we want similar results in our own communities, we must look for new ways to obtain accurate and reliable data about the homeless population. We cannot help those that we don’t know are there. However, having better information can help us make more informed decisions and lift as many people out of homelessness as possible.