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Tuesday, February 14, 2012

What is Peak Oil?


            The concept of Peak Oil is a very important topic, as the ideas the theory expels are both extremely evocative and troubling, when one thinks about how dependent the human race has become on fossil fuels in general, and petroleum, in particular. Basically, Peak Oil is the point in time that the global oil extraction rate of petroleum has peaked, as the vast majority of oil reserves across the world have already been discovered. “It is important to recognize that oil production peaking is not ‘running out.’  Peaking is the maximum oil production rate, which typically occurs after roughly half of the recoverable oil in an oil field has been produced, which will then began to decline” (Hirsh, 2005). Demand for fossil fuels and oil continues to increase, due to the reliance on fuel for transportation, food production, economic growth, and many products used in many people’s day to day lives. Because the extraction of the global oil reserves is in a state of constant decline, the supply of petroleum products will be unable to meet the growing demand. When these demands cannot be met, prices for petroleum products will rise exponentially, potentially resulting in a future where global economic depression is unavoidable.
            When oil extraction became common throughout the developed world during the early twentieth century, not much thought was given about the supply of oil running out, namely because there was so much of it. As industry continued to grow, oil was replacing coal as the most useful form of fuel, resulting in vastly increased population growth. The mass production of the automobile increased the demand for petroleum, as cars need to be fueled, and roads needed to be built. The Hirsch report, created for the US department of energy in 2005, examined the timing of Peak Oil, as well as what the impact on the world as we know it would be. The results of Hirsh report are startling: “The world has never faced a problem like this. Without massive mitigation at least a decade before the fact, the problem will be pervasive and long lasting” (Hirsch, 2005). Prices are expected to rise substantially as major future discoveries of oil are unlikely, leading to catastrophic results for the future and survival of the human race, if the world does not immediately act in investing in renewable fuels, and sustainable practices.
            There is some debate about when the global peak oil will occur. Pessimistic estimates claim that it has already happen, will optimistic estimates believe that it will occur in the next ten years, or reach some type of plateau. Whether or not you believe that most of the oil on planet earth has already been discovered, or that technology and renewable fuels can replace petroleum, one cannot deny that sooner or later, petroleum resources will run out. Because we are so dependent on petroleum, the world will feel an impact that is both harsh and sobering. Without changing how we create energy and sustain life, our future may be in peril.

Hirsch, R. (2005). The Inevitable Peaking of World Oil Production. The Atlantic Council of The     United States,16(3), 1-10. Retrieved February 12, 2012, from         http://www.acus.org/docs/051007-Hirsch_World_Oil_Production.pdf
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