BMW made two micro-hybrid functions so they contribute to cutback in gas consumption and the environment pollution because of CO2 emissions by implementing micro-hybrid functionality. This was first introduced in high volume series vehicles in 2007. It is based on 14 V and 12 V. It is considered the intermediate phase for BMW development with hybrid electrical cars. The auto-start-stop function switches on and off automatically depending on a standing phase is identified on demand of the driver.
Charge acceptance means getting high electrical charges in short time. Some challenges are in the way of the battery. "The aging performance is also directly influenced by the operation strategy of the Micro-HEV." "For example, the effects of higher cycling charges and PSOC operation in Micro-HEVs are expected." The relative number of read-outs is shown versus battery cycling given as number of full cycles per 1000 km. The number of read-outs is associated to the total number of read-outs separately for both groups. In the case of Micro-HEVs, the distribution shows a slight expansion and a shift of the maximum to higher battery cycling of about 0.5 full cycles per 1000 km mileage. As for the battery’s efficiency, the time of occurrence of first active discharge, is significantly extended, from 11 min to 19.5 min approximately. This simplified method of analysis in ratio of the full cycle before and the full cycle after applying the battery refresh. With the previous statements we conclude that battery refresh improves the dynamic charge acceptance by a factor of 3.5, at least under the chosen conditions and on the short-time scale. http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.lib.pdx.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TH1-4TTMNC5-3&_user=1694017&_coverDate=05%2F01%2F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000054237&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1694017&md5=4ad344ab41622228e9abdfe533c2db3e&searchtype=a
Charge acceptance means getting high electrical charges in short time. Some challenges are in the way of the battery. "The aging performance is also directly influenced by the operation strategy of the Micro-HEV." "For example, the effects of higher cycling charges and PSOC operation in Micro-HEVs are expected." The relative number of read-outs is shown versus battery cycling given as number of full cycles per 1000 km. The number of read-outs is associated to the total number of read-outs separately for both groups. In the case of Micro-HEVs, the distribution shows a slight expansion and a shift of the maximum to higher battery cycling of about 0.5 full cycles per 1000 km mileage. As for the battery’s efficiency, the time of occurrence of first active discharge, is significantly extended, from 11 min to 19.5 min approximately. This simplified method of analysis in ratio of the full cycle before and the full cycle after applying the battery refresh. With the previous statements we conclude that battery refresh improves the dynamic charge acceptance by a factor of 3.5, at least under the chosen conditions and on the short-time scale. http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.lib.pdx.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TH1-4TTMNC5-3&_user=1694017&_coverDate=05%2F01%2F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000054237&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1694017&md5=4ad344ab41622228e9abdfe533c2db3e&searchtype=a
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